Assessing Pupils’ Effective Use of Primary School Grounds in Bauchi Metropolis: A Mixed-Methods Study on Landscape Utilisation and Learning Outcomes
School grounds serve as vital learning and recreational spaces that contribute significantly to
pupils’ physical, cognitive, and social development. However, in many Nigerian public primary schools,
these spaces are underutilized or inadequately designed to support holistic education. This study
assesses the effective use of primary school grounds in the selected study area, focusing on patterns of
pupil engagement, environmental quality, and design functionality.